📋 Case Study

Hospital Power Systems: Emergency Generator Load Flow Validation

Voltage collapse observed during full transfer test due to motor inrush overwhelming AVR response

🏗️ Project Overview

600-bed Level I trauma hospital in Houston with 4×2.5 MW generators and critical life-support loads

🎯 Challenge

Voltage collapse observed during full transfer test due to motor inrush overwhelming AVR response

🔧 Design Approach

Staged transfer sequencing + dynamic VAR injection via capacitor banks triggered by voltage dip detection

📐 Design Diagram

Hospital Power Systems: Emergency Generator Load Flow Validation Emergency Generator Staged ATS Critical Motors Inrush: 650 kVA Capacitor Bank Q_req = 1.8 MVAR Dip Detector ΔV < 5% Voltage Dip Source Control Logic Load

AI-generated project design illustration

📐 Key Calculations

Motor Inrush kVA per HP

HP × 5 × 1.3
Result: 650 kVA
Caused 11.3% voltage dip on 13.8kV bus

Required VAR Injection to Limit Dip <5%

Q_req = (ΔV × S_sc) / X
Result: 1.8 MVAR
Sized capacitor bank with 200ms response

📊 Results

All critical loads maintained >0.95 pu voltage during transfer; passed Joint Commission inspection

💡 Lessons Learned

  • Generator AVR bandwidth insufficient for sub-second motor starts — external VAR support required
  • Load sequencing must respect IEEE C37.102 generator capability curves

Key Takeaways

  • 1Generator AVR bandwidth insufficient for sub-second motor starts — external VAR support required
  • 2Load sequencing must respect IEEE C37.102 generator capability curves